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Harvest to Table

Harvest to Table

A practical guide to food in the garden and market

Extending the Season: how to get more time out of your garden

Filed under: In The Garden, Tagged as:

corp_cover_R.jpgThis is part IV of a four part series: a list of the articles is below.

 

Use cloches and cold frames to extend the growing season, either in spring or autumn.

 

When freezing temperatures are expected, most kitchen garden crops will benefit from protection. The simplest crop protection--a light blanket or overturned cardboard box--will protect plants by 1° or 2°F. A plastic or glass cloche, plastic tunnel, or simple cold frame can provide 3° or 4°F or more--often as much as 7°F--in additional temperature protection.

 

Adding temperature protection for your vegetables can be the equivalent of transporting them to another growing zone. Vegetables growing in a Maine winter may feel as though they are living in Georgia with the right temperature protection. That is three or four growing zones difference. Crop protection can be the equivalent of giving your crops more time--even several months of growing season.

 

There are a few basic rules for preparing vegetables for frost and freezing weather:

• Water crops thoroughly before a freeze: wet soil freezes more slowly than dry soil.

• When you cover crops, avoid allowing the covering to touch the crop; set up a frame to keep blankets, horticultural cloth or other covers from actually touching leaves.

• Remove covers or ventilate when warm weather returns. Temperatures will rise under cover with the return of warm weather.

• Don't assume that all vegetables will die in freezing weather--warm-weather crops likely will die if not protected--but many vegetables can recover from a freeze (Brussels sprouts, cabbage, garlic, kale, some lettuce, mâche, parsley and spinach to name several).

• Visit the garden in cold weather just as you do in warm weather to keep your hands on the pulse of the garden.

 

Here are several kitchen garden season extenders:

 

• Cold frame. A cold frame is an open bottomed box that is placed over crops to act like a small greenhouse. Cold frames are heated by the sun. (A hotbeds is similar to a cold frame but is usually heated by electric cables placed under the growing bed.) A cold frame is a low-profile structure with a slanting, transparent roof and no bottom that is easily moved; its box-like sides are sunk into the ground to make the structure airtight. Cold frames are easily constructed: the sides can be made out of decay-resistant wood or concrete blocks and should be tall enough to clear the tallest plant you grow. The top or roof can be made out of glass, fiberglass, Plexiglas, or heavy clear plastic sheeting. The translucent top is usually hinged to the frame and fits snuggly to create a greenhouse effect. Cold frames can provide 7°F or more in temperature protection. A cold frame covered with tarps, blankets, mats, straw, or a mix of manure and straw can many crops through the coldest winter.

 

● Tunnels and plastic covers. Plastic tunnels work much like cold frames to protect plants from cold and poor weather. A plastic tunnel can be made from clear plastic sheeting (2 mils thick or greater) stretched over half hoops made out of 10-gauge wire or ½-inch PVC bendable pipe. Cut pieces long enough to arch 14 to 18 inches above your beds or rows. The edges of the sheeting should be secured to the ground or buried. Plastic tunnels and covers will provide temperatures 2 to 7ºF warmer than the outside temperature, protecting plants from nighttime cold. Cut vents in the plastic to allow heat to escape. Tunnels should not be used when temperatures consistently reach greater than 60º to 70º F.

 

● Cloches. A cloche is a small glass or plastic or other type of container or cover about the size of a gallon-jug that can be placed over the top of a plant to from a mini-greenhouse. A cloche should be set deep enough that it is remains anchored when windy. The cap or the cloche should be removed when the outside temperature rises to 50º to 60ºF degrees to prevent excessive heat buildup. Cloches provide warmth and wind protection as well as protection from heavy rain or hail.

 

● Row covers. Row covers are made of permeable fabric-like material such as spun-bonded polyester or polypropylene--often called horticultural cloth--which allows light, air, and water to penetrate. Heat does not build up under lightweight covers so plants can remain covered all summer. Heavy row covers should be removed when temperatures rise above 86ºF or plants can become too hot. Covers should be removed when the flowers of insect-pollinated vegetables appear. Be aware that row covers don't have the greenhouse properties of other season extenders. They warm rows 2° to 3°F compared to the surrounding air which is usually just enough to save a crop form a late or early frost.

 

● Hot kaps or paper hats. Hotkaps, hot kaps, or plant hats made out of folded newspaper will protect plants from a light frost by keeping the soil and air temperature around plants higher. Hot kaps are quick way to protect small plants and seedlings.

 

This is Part IV of a four-part series. The other posts in this series are:

 

Part I: Cool-Season and Warm-Season Crops: the basics.

 

Part II: Planting the Autum, Winter, and Spring Garden.

 

Part III: Cool-Season Vegetable Varieties: what to plant in autumn and spring.

 

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Posted by Stephen Albert on October 10, 2008 under: In The Garden , Tagged as:
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